The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between related party transactions (RPT) and earnings management.This study argues there is a different influence between RPT a utility fork priori likely to result in expropriation and RPT a priori not likely to result in expropriation.RPT a priori likely to result in expropriation cre
For many animals, the ability to distinguish cues indicative of predation risk from cues unrelated to predation risk is not entirely innate, but rather is learned and improved with experience.Two pathways to such learning are possible.First, an animal could initially express antipredator behaviour toward a wide range of cues and subsequently learn
Globally, fungal inocula are being explored as agents for the optimization of composting processes.This research primarily evaluates the effects of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea f.catenula (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting.Six heaps of fresh
While the reductionist approach has been fruitful in understanding the molecular basis of muscle function, intact excitable muscle preparations are still important as experimental model systems.We present here methods that are useful for preparing cardiac MAKITA papillary muscle and cardiac slices, which represent macroscopic experimental model sys
Research in the U.S.developed and validated the State Self-Compassion Scale (SSCS), which measures self-compassionate reactions toward a specific negative event.The current study is aimed at developing the Japanese version of the State Self-Compassion Scale (SSCS-J) and extending previous findings in the U.S.by showing measurement invariance across